涉外国际商务英语合同书的六个语言特色是什么
*一部分、措辞层面
要用宣布或法律法规上的措辞，与口头上描述不一样，合同书是法律法规性的宣布书面形式文档，应用宣布的、法律法规的措辞是必需的。合同书起草者应多提升这些方面的学习培训。例如：
1、At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment.
应承包方规定，招标方愿意外派*人员协助承包方安裝机器设备。assist 较 help 宣布；来源于：考试大
2、The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.
全部工作人员不可报名参加伊朗*的一切政冶主题活动。partake in 较 take part in 宣布；
3、The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.
顾主应当对相关工作人员给与恰当技术性具体指导。render 较 give 宣布；文中来源于:考試大网站
4、Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.
招标方应将患者遣送回国我国并承担其回到广州市的车旅费。repatriate 较 send back 宣布；
5、This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.
合同规定受*法律法规所管，并按我国法律解释。construe 较 explain，interpret 宣布；
6、The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent.
顾主觉得项目承包人委任的法定代理人*关时，能够抵制并规定马上更换。require较ask宣布；文书体forthwith 较 at once 宣布；
7、The Chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.
老总能够依据股东会过1/3执行董事的建议而集结临时性执行董事大会。convene，interim 全是宣布措辞。
8、In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right.
如一方想售卖或出让其项目投资之所有或一部分，另一方有优先权。法律法规措辞assign 较 transfer 宣布。
9、In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.
出口贸易中，工厂不论是对原材料還是制成品都无使用权。 法律法规措辞title 较 ownership 宣布。
10、The term "Effective date" means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.
“起效期”指彼此合同书签名的日子。 法律法规措辞execute 较 sign 宣布。
第二一部分、措辞层面
多应用"here"，"there"，"where"等作为前缀，下边这么多是否有点儿头晕眼花？入门时的确非常容易弄混，对你说个小技巧，here 意味着 this，there 意味着 that，where 意味着 what/which，就非常容易记多了。
hereafter = after this time； 将来
hereby = by means/reason of this； 专此
herein = in this； 其中，在此
hereinafter = later in this contract； 在下文
thereafter = afterwards； 自此，之后
thereby = by that means； 因而；从而；在哪层面
therein = from that； 在那里；在哪点上
thereinafter = later in the same contract； 下列；在下文
whereby = by what； by which； 由是；凭哪个
wherein = in what； in which； 在哪儿；在哪儿点上
……
第三一部分、措辞层面
要用"shall"替代"will"或"should"提升语调和强制权。合同书中，shall并不是单纯性表明将 来的时候，而常见来表明法律法规上可申请强制执行的责任，具备约束，宜译为“应”、“应当”、“务必”； will不管语调還是强制权要比shall弱，宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”；should一般只用于表明语调极强的假定、例如“万一”。
1、This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.
合同规定签名起效。
2、This Contract shall be written in English in four copies. Each party shall keep two copies.
合同规定应以英语写出，一式四份，彼此各持二份。
第四一部分、术语层面
一、务求认真细致，搞清楚准确无误：
1、The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract.
下述文档应被觉得、读作、表述为合同规定的构成部分；
2、This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.
合同规定只有依照彼此法定代理人签字盖公章的文档开展改动或增选；
3、All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China.
ABC企业的一切主题活动务必受*的法律、权利法案和相关规章制度规章的所管。
二、要用主动语态，少用被动语态：
1、Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. （不适合）
承包方被招标方授权委托为在马来西亚的独家代理市场销售地区代理；
2、Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. （适合）
招标方授权委托承包方为在马来西亚的独家代理市场销售地区代理；
三、要用现在时，少用将来时，虽然许多 条文要求的是合同签订之后的事宜：
1、Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one of the following events：
当有下述恶性事件*产生，被批准人提早90天向批准人推送以书面形式告知后，能够解除合同：
2、Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed；
批准人乏力偿还负债或其破产重整人以被特定；
3、The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract； and
第二条要求的专利权未在签订后30天以内公布；
4、Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract.
批准人无法执行其合同义务。
四、立即表达形式用到多，间接性表达形式用的偏少：
1、This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. （用得少）
本条文不适感用以并未所有偿还的债卷持有人。
2、This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. （用到多）
本条文只适用已所有偿还的债卷持有人。
五、尽可能应用一个形容词，防止应用“形容词 专有名词 代词”的愿意语句：
1、Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.
招标方应于签订后30天内分派其法定代理人。宜用appoint替代 make an appointment of.
2、Party A will give consideration to Party B's proposal of exclusive agency.
招标方想要考虑到承包方独家经营的提议。宜用consider替代give consideration to.
第五一部分、下述独特术语应用经常
一、WHEReAS 由于
宣布而关键的合同书，尤其是英美法系的合同书，要用它在前原文中引出来签订情况和目地，起连词功效：
WHEReAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq；
由于顾主欲请人力资本修建伊朗巴格达的高层建筑综合性大厦；
WHEReAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works；
由于项目承包人想因此工程项目出示人力资本；
二、WITNESS 证实
在合同书前原文中常见作*一句的谓语动词：
This Agreement， made by ……
WITNESSES
WHEReAS……, it is agreed as follows：
本协议书由……签署证实：由于……专此达成共识以下：
IN WITNESS WHEReOF 做为所协议书事宜的直接证据，该语句常见于合同书的末尾条文：
IN WITNESS WHEReOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.
做为所协议书事宜的直接证据，彼此法定代理人于上边初次注明的日期宣布签署本协议书一式两份。
三、IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……为约因/酬劳
约由于英美法系的合同书合理创立要素*，沒有则合同书不可以依规强制性执行。可是，大陆法系的合同书则不存在要求。
Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein， contained, the parties hereto agree as follows：
兹以所述各点和契约书所述条文为约因，订立彼此协议书以下：
In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract.
承包方专此立约向招标方确保按合同规定进行建设工程，以获得招标方所付的酬劳。
四、NOW，THEREFORE 兹特
此语句用以WHEReAS条文以后引出来实际协议书事宜的常见开头语，并两者之间后hereby的融合。假如无HEREAS条文，则本语句可省去：
NOW, THEREFORE, it's hereby agreed and understood as follows；
兹特协议书和原谅以下：
NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据，本句话也是用以WHEReAS条文以后引出来实际协议书事宜。
五、PRESENTS = the present writings 是主语，WITNESS是宾语：
NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows：兹特立约为据，并由订立彼此协议书以下：
六、IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证
本语句只在有见证时应用—在订立彼此被告方签字的正下方由见证签字做证，一般是有关的刑事辩护律师（Attorney）或公证机关（Notary Public）：
IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals：
做为协议书事宜的直接证据，订立彼此分别签字盖公章以下：
第六一部分、别的语句
For and on behalf the first Party（招标方意味着）：
The EMPLOYER （顾主）…
Capacity （岗位） …
In the Presence of （见证） …
Capacity （岗位）…
Address （详细地址）…
For and on behalf of the Second party（承包方意味着）：
The CONTRACTOR （项目承包人） …
Capacity （岗位）…
In the Presence of （见证） …
Capacity （岗位）…
Address （详细地址）…
